The study of the structure, function and organisation of ancestral genomes are the focal points of the Paleogenomics lab. More specifically, it looks at the different evolutionary problems that can be answered with ancient DNA data, such as those involving human evolution, population dynamics and diversity, as well as adaptive processes and past migrations. This lab works with ancient modern humans and with an extinct hominin species, Neanderthals. Regarding the latter, the research carried out to date has mainly been focused on genomic diversity among Neanderthals and the individualisation of a Neanderthal family group from El Sidrón, an archaeological site in the Asturias region of northern Spain. The Paleogenomics lab is also investigating the evolutionary dynamics and past migrations in European prehistory through the analysis of Mesolithic, Neolithic, Copper Age and Bronze Age human genomes.

Lab website: Paleogenomics Lab

Carles Lalueza Fox

Lalueza Fox, Carles
CSIC Research Scientist
Paleogenomics Lab

Pablo Carrion Quilis

Carrion Quilis, Pablo
Predoctoral Researcher
Paleogenomics

Calafell F, Anglada R, Bonet N, González-Ruiz M, Prats-Muñoz G, Rasal R, Lalueza-Fox C, Bertranpetit J, Malgosa A, Casals F. 2016. An assessment of a massively parallel sequencing approach for the identification of individuals from mass graves of the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939). Electrophoresis, 37(21):2841-2847. DOI:10.1002/elps.201600180

Vai S, Ghirotto S, Pilli E, Tassi F, Lari M, Rizzi E, Matas-Lalueza L, Ramirez O, Lalueza-Fox C, Achilli A, Olivieri A, Torroni A, Lancioni H, Giostra C, Bedini E, Pejrani Baricco L, Matullo G, Di Gaetano C, Piazza A, Veeramah K, Geary P, Caramelli D, Barbujani G. 2015. Genealogical relationships between early medieval and modern inhabitants of piedmont. PLoS ONE, 10(1):1-19. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0116801

Sánchez-Quinto F, Lalueza-Fox C. 2015. Almost 20 years of Neanderthal palaeogenetics: Adaptation, admixture, diversity, demography and extinction. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 370(1660). DOI:10.1098/rstb.2013.0374

Ramírez O, Burgos-Paz W, Casas E, Ballester M, Bianco E, Olalde I, Santpere G, Novella V, Gut M, Lalueza-Fox C, Saña M, Pérez-Enciso M. 2015. Genome data from a sixteenth century pig illuminate modern breed relationships. Heredity, 114(2):175-184. DOI:10.1038/hdy.2014.81

Olalde I, Schroeder H, Sandoval-Velasco M, Vinner L, Lobón I, Ramirez O, Civit S, García Borja P, Salazar-García DC, Talamo S, María Fullola J, Xavier Oms F, Pedro M, Martínez P, Sanz M, Daura J, Zilhão J, Marquès-Bonet T, Gilbert MT, Lalueza-Fox C. 2015. A common genetic origin for early farmers from mediterranean cardial and central european LBK cultures. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 32(12):3132-3142. DOI:10.1093/molbev/msv181

Olalde I, Capote J, Del-Arco MC, Atoche P, Delgado T, González-Anton R, Pais J, Amills M, Lalueza-Fox C, Ramírez O. 2015. Ancient DNA sheds light on the ancestry of pre-hispanic Canarian pigs. Genetics Selection Evolution, 47(1):1-5. DOI:10.1186/s12711-015-0115-7

Mathieson I, Lazaridis I, Rohland N, Mallick S, Patterson N, Roodenberg SA, Harney E, Stewardson K, Fernandes D, Novak M, Sirak K, Gamba C, Jones ER, Llamas B, Dryomov S, Pickrell J, Arsuaga JL, de Castro JM, Carbonell E, Gerritsen F, Khokhlov A, Kuznetsov P, Lozano M, Meller H, Mochalov O, Moiseyev V, Guerra MA, Roodenberg J, Vergès JM, Krause J, Cooper A, Alt KW, Brown D, Anthony D, Lalueza-Fox C, Haak W, Pinhasi R, Reich D. 2015. Genome-wide patterns of selection in 230 ancient Eurasians. Nature, 528(7583):499-503. DOI:10.1038/nature16152

Lari M, Di Vincenzo F, Borsato A, Ghirotto S, Micheli M, Balsamo C, Collina C, De Bellis G, Frisia S, Giacobini G, Gigli E, Hellstrom JC, Lannino A, Modi A, Pietrelli A, Pilli E, Profico A, Ramirez O, Rizzi E, Vai S, Venturo D, Piperno M, Lalueza-Fox C, Barbujani G, Caramelli D, Manzi G. 2015. The Neanderthal in the karst: First dating, morphometric, and paleogenetic data on the fossil skeleton from Altamura (Italy). Journal of Human Evolution, 82:88-94. DOI:10.1016/j.jhevol.2015.02.007

Knapp M, Lalueza-Fox C, Hofreiter M. 2015. Re-inventing ancient human DNA. Investigative Genetics, 6(1). DOI:10.1186/s13323-015-0020-4

Ferrando A, Manunza A, Jordana J, Capote J, Pons A, Pais J, Delgado T, Atoche P, Cabrera B, Martínez A, Landi V, Delgado JV, Argüello A, Vidal O, Lalueza-Fox C, Ramírez O, Amills M. 2015. A mitochondrial analysis reveals distinct founder effect signatures in Canarian and Balearic goats. Animal Genetics, 46(4):452-456. DOI:10.1111/age.12302

Sikora M, Carpenter ML, Moreno-Estrada A, Henn BM, Underhill PA, Sánchez-Quinto F, Zara I, Pitzalis M, Sidore C, Busonero F, Maschio A, Angius A, Jones C, Mendoza-Revilla J, Nekhrizov G, Dimitrova D, Theodossiev N, Harkins TT, Keller A, Maixner F, Zink A, Abecasis G, Sanna S, Cucca F, Bustamante CD. 2014. Population Genomic Analysis of Ancient and Modern Genomes Yields New Insights into the Genetic Ancestry of the Tyrolean Iceman and the Genetic Structure of Europe. PLoS Genetics, 10(5). DOI:10.1371/journal.pgen.1004353

Ramírez O, Quintanilla R, Varona L, Gallardo D, Díaz I, Pena RN, Amills M. 2014. DECR1 and ME1 genotypes are associated with lipid composition traits in Duroc pigs. Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics, 131(1):46-52. DOI:10.1111/jbg.12035

Ramirez O, Olalde I, Berglund J, Lorente-Galdos B, Hernandez-Rodriguez J, Quilez J, Webster MT, Wayne RK, Lalueza-Fox C, Vilà C, Marques-Bonet T. 2014. Analysis of structural diversity in wolf-like canids reveals post-domestication variants. BMC Genomics, 15(1):465. DOI:10.1186/1471-2164-15-465

Olalde I, Sánchez-Quinto F, Datta D, Marigorta UM, Chiang CW, Rodríguez JA, Fernández-Callejo M, González I, Montfort M, Matas-Lalueza L, Civit S, Luiselli D, Charlier P, Pettener D, Ramírez O, Navarro A, Himmelbauer H, Marquès-Bonet T, Lalueza-Fox C. 2014. Genomic analysis of the blood attributed to Louis XVI (1754-1793), king of France. Scientific Reports, 4:1-7. DOI:10.1038/srep04666

Olalde I, Allentoft ME, Sánchez-Quinto F, Santpere G, Chiang CW, DeGiorgio M, Prado-Martinez J, Rodríguez JA, Rasmussen S, Quilez J, Ramírez O, Marigorta UM, Fernández-Callejo M, Prada ME, Encinas JM, Nielsen R, Netea MG, Novembre J, Sturm RA, Sabeti P, Marquès-Bonet T, Navarro A, Willerslev E, Lalueza-Fox C. 2014. Derived immune and ancestral pigmentation alleles in a 7,000-year-old Mesolithic European. Nature, 507(7491):225-228. DOI:10.1038/nature12960

Gómez-Sánchez D, Olalde I, Pierini F, Matas-Lalueza L, Gigli E, Lari M, Civit S, Lozano M, Vergès JM, Caramelli D, Ramírez O, Lalueza-Fox C. 2014. Mitochondrial DNA from El Mirador cave (Atapuerca, Spain) reveals the heterogeneity of Chalcolithic populations. PLoS ONE, 9(8). DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0105105

Engelken J, Carnero-Montoro E, Pybus M, Andrews GK, Lalueza-Fox C, Comas D, Sekler I, de la Rasilla M, Rosas A, Stoneking M, Valverde MA, Vicente R, Bosch E. 2014. Extreme Population Differences in the Human Zinc Transporter ZIP4 (SLC39A4) Are Explained by Positive Selection in Sub-Saharan Africa. PLoS Genetics, 10(2). DOI:10.1371/journal.pgen.1004128

Castellano S, Parra G, Sánchez-Quinto FA, Racimo F, Kuhlwilm M, Kircher M, Sawyer S, Fu Q, Heinze A, Nickel B, Dabney J, Siebauer M, White L, Burbano HA, Renaud G, Stenzel U, Lalueza-Fox C, de la Rasilla M, Rosas A, Rudan P, Brajković D, Kucan Ž, Gušic I, Shunkov MV, Derevianko AP, Viola B, Meyer M, Kelso J, Andrés AM, Pääbo S. 2014. Patterns of coding variation in the complete exomes of three Neandertals. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 111(18):6666-6671. DOI:10.1073/pnas.1405138111

Wood RE, Higham TFG, Torres T, Tisnérat-Laborde N, Valladas H, Ortiz JE, Lalueza-Fox C, Sánchez-Moral S, Cañaveras JC, Rosas A, Santamaría D, De la Rasilla M. 2013. A new date for the neanderthals from el sidrón cave (asturias, northern spain). Archaeometry, 55(1):148-158. DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4754.2012.00671.x

Ramírez O, Gómez-Díaz E, Olalde I, Illera JC, Rando JC, González-Solís J, Lalueza-Fox C. 2013. Population connectivity buffers genetic diversity loss in a seabird. Frontiers in Zoology, 10(1). DOI:10.1186/1742-9994-10-28

Prado-Martinez J, Hernando-Herraez I, Lorente-Galdos B, Dabad M, Ramirez O, Baeza-Delgado C, Morcillo-Suarez C, Alkan C, Hormozdiari F, Raineri E, Estellé J, Fernandez-Callejo M, Valles M, Ritscher L, Schöneberg T, de la Calle-Mustienes E, Casillas S, Rubio-Acero R, Melé M, Engelken J, Caceres M, Gomez-Skarmeta JL, Gut M, Bertranpetit J, Gut IG, Abello T, Eichler EE, Mingarro I, Lalueza-Fox C, Navarro A, Marques-Bonet T. 2013. The genome sequencing of an albino Western lowland gorilla reveals inbreeding in the wild. BMC Genomics, 14(1). DOI:10.1186/1471-2164-14-363

Maricic T, Günther V, Georgiev O, Gehre S, Curlin M, Schreiweis C, Naumann R, Burbano HA, Meyer M, Lalueza-Fox C, de la Rasilla M, Rosas A, Gajovic S, Kelso J, Enard W, Schaffner W, Pääbo S. 2013. A recent evolutionary change affects a regulatory element in the human FOXP2 gene. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 30(4):844-852. DOI:10.1093/molbev/mss271

Manunza A, Zidi A, Yeghoyan S, Balteanu VA, Carsai TC, Scherbakov O, Ramírez O, Eghbalsaied S, Castelló A, Mercadé A, Amills M. 2013. A High Throughput Genotyping Approach Reveals Distinctive Autosomal Genetic Signatures for European and Near Eastern Wild Boar. PLoS ONE, 8(2):1-8. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0055891

Charlier P, Olalde I, Solé N, Ramírez O, Babelon JP, Galland B, Calafell F, Lalueza-Fox C. 2013. Genetic comparison of the head of Henri IV and the presumptive blood from Louis XVI (both Kings of France). Forensic Science International, 226(1-3):38-40. DOI:10.1016/j.forsciint.2012.11.018

Sánchez-Quinto F, Botigué LR, Civit S, Arenas C, Avila-Arcos MC, Bustamante CD, Comas D, Lalueza-Fox C. 2012. North African Populations Carry the Signature of Admixture with Neandertals. PLoS ONE, 7(10):1-6. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0047765

Sánchez-Quinto F, Schroeder H, Ramirez O, Avila-Arcos MC, Pybus M, Olalde I, Velazquez AM, Marcos ME, Encinas JM, Bertranpetit J, Orlando L, Gilbert MT, Lalueza-Fox C. 2012. Genomic affinities of two 7,000-year-old Iberian hunter-gatherers. Current Biology, 22(16):1494-1499. DOI:10.1016/j.cub.2012.06.005

Mannino MA, Catalano G, Talamo S, Mannino G, Di Salvo R, Schimmenti V, Lalueza-Fox C, Messina A, Petruso D, Caramelli D, Richards MP, Sineo L. 2012. Origin and Diet of the Prehistoric Hunter-Gatherers on the Mediterranean Island of Favignana (Ègadi Islands, Sicily). PLoS ONE, 7(11). DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0049802

Lopez-Valenzuela M, Ramírez O, Rosas A, García-Vargas S, de la Rasilla M, Lalueza-Fox C, Espinosa-Parrilla Y. 2012. An ancestral miR-1304 allele present in neanderthals regulates genes involved in enamel formation and could explain dental differences with modern humans. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 29(7):1797-1806. DOI:10.1093/molbev/mss023

Lalueza-Fox C, Gigli E, Sánchez-Quinto F, de la Rasilla M, Fortea J, Rosas A. 2012. Issues from Neandertal genomics: Diversity, adaptation and hybridisation revised from the El Sidrón case study. Quaternary International, 247(1):10-14. DOI:10.1016/j.quaint.2010.10.012

Lalueza-Fox C, Rosas A, Rasilla M de la. 2012. Palaeogenetic research at the El Sidrón Neanderthal site. Annals of Anatomy, 194(1):133-137. DOI:10.1016/j.aanat.2011.01.014

Hardy K, Buckley S, Collins MJ, Estalrrich A, Brothwell D, Copeland L, García-Tabernero A, García-Vargas S, de la Rasilla M, Lalueza-Fox C, Huguet R, Bastir M, Santamaría D, Madella M, Wilson J, Cortés AF, Rosas A. 2012. Neanderthal medics? Evidence for food, cooking, and medicinal plants entrapped in dental calculus. Naturwissenschaften, 99(8):617-626. DOI:10.1007/s00114-012-0942-0

Haber M, Platt DE, Ashrafian Bonab M, Youhanna SC, Soria-Hernanz DF, Martínez-Cruz B, Douaihy B, Ghassibe-Sabbagh M, Rafatpanah H, Ghanbari M, Whale J, Balanovsky O, Wells RS, Comas D, Tyler-Smith C, Zalloua PA; Genographic Consortium. 2012. Afghanistan’s ethnic groups share a y-chromosomal heritage structured by historical events. PLoS ONE, 7(3). DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0034288

González-Ruiz M, Santos C, Jordana X, Simón M, Lalueza-Fox C, Gigli E, Aluja MP, Malgosa A. 2012. Tracing the Origin of the East-West Population Admixture in the Altai Region (Central Asia). PLoS ONE, 7(11):3-13. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0048904

Gómez-Díaz E, Jordà M, Peinado MA, Rivero A. 2012. Epigenetics of Host-Pathogen Interactions: The Road Ahead and the Road Behind. PLoS Pathogens, 8(11). DOI:10.1371/journal.ppat.1003007

Gallardo D, Pena RN, Quintanilla R, Ramírez O, Almuzara D, Noguera JL, Amills M. 2012. Quantitative trait loci analysis of a Duroc commercial population highlights differences in the genetic determination of meat quality traits at two different muscles. Animal Genetics, 43(6):800-804. DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2052.2012.02333.x

Frayer DW, Fiore I, Lalueza-Fox C, Radovĉić J, Bondioli L. 2012. Replay to Benítez-Burraco & longa: When is enough, enough?. Journal of Anthropological Sciences, 90:193-197. DOI:10.4436/]ass.90003

Cánovas A, Pena RN, Gallardo D, Ramírez O, Amills M, Quintanilla R. 2012. Segregation of regulatory polymorphisms with effects on the gluteus medius transcriptome in a purebred pig population. PLoS ONE, 7(4):1-12. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0035583

Burbano HA, Green RE, Maricic T, Lalueza-Fox C, de la Rasilla M, Rosas A, Kelso J, Pollard KS, Lachmann M, Pääbo S. 2012. Analysis of human accelerated DNA regions using archaic hominin genomes. PLoS ONE, 7(3):1-8. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0032877

Rodríguez R, Ramírez O, Valdiosera CE, García N, Alda F, Madurell-Malapeira J, Marmi J, Doadrio I, Willerslev E, Götherström A, Arsuaga JL, Thomas MG, Lalueza-Fox C, Dalén L. 2011. 50,000 years of genetic uniformity in the critically endangered Iberian lynx. Molecular Ecology, 20(18):3785-3795. DOI:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2011.05231.x

Lalueza-Fox C, Rosas A, Estalrrich A, Gigli E, Campos PF, García-Tabernero A, García-Vargas S, Sánchez-Quinto F, Ramírez O, Civit S, Bastir M, Huguet R, Santamaría D, Gilbert MT, Willerslev E, de la Rasilla M. 2011. Genetic evidence for patrilocal mating behavior among Neandertal groups. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 108(1):250-253. DOI:10.1073/pnas.1011553108

Lalueza-Fox C, Gigli E, Bini C, Calafell F, Luiselli D, Pelotti S, Pettener D. 2011. Genetic analysis of the presumptive blood from Louis XVI, king of France. Forensic Science International: Genetics, 5(5):459-463. DOI:10.1016/j.fsigen.2010.09.007

Lalueza-Fox C, Gilbert MTP. 2011. Paleogenomics of archaic hominins. Current Biology, 21(24):R1002-R1009. DOI:10.1016/j.cub.2011.11.021

García-Garcerà M, Gigli E, Sanchez-Quinto F, Ramirez O, Calafell F, Civit S, Lalueza-Fox C. 2011. Fragmentation of contaminant and endogenous dna in ancient samples determined by shotgun sequencing; prospects for human palaeogenomics. PLoS ONE, 6(8). DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0024161

Ebenesersdóttir SS, Sigurdsson Á, Sánchez-Quinto F, Lalueza-Fox C, Stefánsson K, Helgason A. 2011. A new subclade of mtDNA haplogroup C1 found in icelanders: Evidence of pre-columbian contact? American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 144(1):92-99. DOI:10.1002/ajpa.21419

Capelli C, Batini C, Ferri G, Destro-Bisol G, Brisighelli F, Luiselli D, Sanchez-Diz P, Rocha J, Jorde L, Brehm A, Montano V, Elwali NE, Spedini G, D'Amato ME, Myres N, Ebbesen P, Comas D. 2011. Signatures of demographic bottlenecks in European wolf populations. Conservation Genetics, 12(3):701-712. DOI:10.1007/s10592-010-0177-6

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